Population: U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025 estimates; median home price: state housing market data (Redfin/Zillow), 2026; state income tax: Tax Foundation, 2026.
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With 13,060,000 residents, Pennsylvania, PA sits squarely in the one of the largest metro populations in the country tier — a fact that shapes everything from bank branch density to how competitive the local mortgage market is. Pennsylvania's top income tax rate of 3.1% is on the lower end nationally, giving Pennsylvania residents a modest edge over higher-tax states without the tradeoffs of a zero-tax state.
Pennsylvania is genuinely affordable by national standards: a $286,397 median home price means first-time buyers here face a much shorter runway to a down payment than in most major metros. Every guide below is built around Pennsylvania's actual numbers, not a generic national template.